| The Role of Hyalomma Ticks in the Transmission of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Iran: A Meta-Analytical Review |
| Paper ID : 1097-IPCA5 (R3) |
| Authors |
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Mehrdad Pooyanmehr * Assistant Professor of Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Section of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. |
| Abstract |
| Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a high-mortality viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to several regions of Iran, primarily transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma. Accurate knowledge of the acarological features, developmental biology, and control measures for Hyalomma spp. is essential for reducing the risk of transmission. This meta-analytical study synthesizes current data on the morphology, life cycle, and control of Hyalomma ticks in Iran, with emphasis on their epidemiological role in the spread of CCHF. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies related to Hyalomma tick identification, developmental biology, ecological distribution, and CCHF vector competence in Iran. Morphological data were extracted and cross-referenced with WHO and FAO identification keys. Life cycle parameters were analyzed under various climatic conditions. Quantitative findings were pooled using a random-effects model to assess heterogeneity and generate weighted mean estimates. Meta-analysis of 37 eligible studies revealed that Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Hyalomma dromedarii were the most frequently reported species across Iran, with high prevalence in arid and semi-arid provinces. Detailed morphological markers including scutum ornamentation, leg segmentation, and mouthpart morphology were consistently used for species-level differentiation. Life cycle analysis indicated a strong correlation between environmental temperature and accelerated development, with immature stages more prevalent in spring and summer. The mean duration of the life cycle under optimal field conditions was estimated at 85 ± 12 days. Hyalomma ticks demonstrated high vector competence for CCHF virus, with adult ticks playing a dominant role in transmission due to their preference for large mammalian hosts, including livestock and humans. Control strategies such as acaricide use, animal quarantine, environmental management, and public education varied in effectiveness, with integrated approaches proving most sustainable. However, gaps remain in resistance monitoring and community engagement. A comprehensive acarological understanding of Hyalomma spp. is critical for CCHF risk reduction in Iran. Morphological identification combined with ecological data can guide targeted control measures. Future efforts should prioritize integrated tick management (ITM), surveillance enhancement, and public awareness to mitigate the burden of CCHF. |
| Keywords |
| Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), Hyalomma spp., Iran, Life Cycle, Meta-analysis, Tick Morphology, Vector Control. |
| Status: Abstract Accepted |
